In this study, optimization of quality properties of grape during cold Storage was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Effect of harvesting time in the ranges 5 - 35 days and cold Storage time from 0 to 180 days on the flavor index, dextrose, total soluble solute, pH and acidity of Sorkh Fakhri Shahrood cultivar were investigated by Central Composite Design (CCD). Furthermore, the results showed that optimum conditions for harvesting and cold Storage time were 18 and 123 days, respectively. At this optimum point, maturity index, dextrose, total soluble solute, pH and acidity were found to be 52.8, 277.06, 16.9, 4.12 and 0.32, respectively. Also, harvesting time after 5 days ripeness was realized as the worst conditions in order to preserve grape during 160 days.

The use of cold thermal energy Storage systems (CTES) is to decrease power consumption in air conditioning systems. CTES systems have 2 types full operating mode (FOM) and partial operating mode (POM). Objective functions are considered as exergy efficiency and total annual cost because of releasing co2 of CTES systems. Multi-objective techniques are used in MOPSO and SEAP2 algorithm to optimize target functions. The fidings achieved from multi-objective analysis indicate a difference in the optimal amounts of design points compared to single- objective optimization, objective function 1 (exergy efficiency) and objective function2 (total annual costs). Also the report of studying this model represent that because of the use of CTES, there is reduction of electricity consumption. Also because of transferring cooling load from peak hours to low consumption and reduced power consumption, we have a reduction in operating costs comparing to a traditional air conditioning system. Finally, the results show that the payback period for an CTES system in partial Storage mode is 3.43 years and for a full Storage system is close to 3.88 years, however, due to further reduction of operating costs in full Storage mode, the total stored cost of this system after the useful life of the set (15 years) is more than partial Storage type. it should be noted that the use of the CTES system decreases the production of CO2, which reduces environmental pollution. Finally, the PCMs used in the construction industry are introduced and compared with each other in terms of exergy efficiency.

Introduction: The times of seed collection and Storage have significant impacts on seed viability. This information is vitally needed for the management of seed production stations. Methods: Effects of two methods of cultivating maternal plants (irrigation or rainfed), five times of seed harvesting (early September, November, October, December, and January), two seed coat treatments (seed coat removal or control), and two types of seed Storage (5 C and room temperature) were studied on seed germination of Salsola rigida, a semi-shrub species found in Neyshabur Seed Station, Khorasan Razavi Province. In each experiment, four replications of 25 seeds were tested in a germinator 14/10 hours of day/night. The germination test lasted for 20 days, and the total experiment duration lasted about 5 months. Seed germination percent was initially increased by increasing time from September to October. however, it was reduced towards zero in December and January. Results: it was found that methods of maternal cultivation, time of seed harvesting, and seed Storage conditions had significant effects on seed germination of S. rigida. The seeds which were collected from the rain fed cultivation and those which were kept in a cold room (4 ℃ ) showed higher germination percentages than those collected from the irrigated cultivation and ambient Storage. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that Salsola rigida seed be collected from Ashgabat station in Neyshabur in early November, and if they need to be stored, they should be kept under cod room conditions (4 ℃ ).

Background and Objectives According to our national standards, whole blood units are stored at 22±2°C prior to processing. Since there has been no study about the quality of RBCs prepared after the Storage of whole blood units at 22±2oC in Iran, we decided to investigate the quality effect of whole blood stored for 8 and 24 hours at this temperature.Materials and Methods Twelve whole blood units in pediatric bags were collected and placed in the cooling plate box.After 8 and 24 hours, RBCs were produced from these stored units. Then, the bags were analyzed for hemolysis, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and sodium.Results Although a higher percentage of hemolysis, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and lower 2, 3-DPG, sodium and glucose levels were determined in RBCs prepared after the 24-hour WB storing time, no significant differences, except for 2, 3 DPG, were observed between 8-hour (205±12) and 24-hour (113±13) WB storing time periods.Conclusions Although storing whole blood at 22±2oC for 24 hours prior to RBCs production had an impact on its quality, the property of prepared components is defined to be within an acceptable range of quality control.

Background: Platelet microparticles (MPs) are produced automatically during platelet Storage. Their size is about 0. 1 – 1 μ m and have ability for sub-endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre-coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after Storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti-CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigatethe probable significant differences of this experiment. Results: There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0. 05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P< 0. 05) Conclusions: We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Alsoby increasing of Storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusion.

Background: Umbilical cord blood has been increasingly used as an alternate source of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of Hematologic malignancies and life-threatening diseases. The success of engraftment and survival of patients after cord blood transplantation highly depend on either the number of infused total nucleated cells (TNCs) or the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram of recipient body weight. A standardization procedure for cord blood (CB) Storage before and during cryopreservation is critical. This work is concerned with the effect of CB Storage temperature and Storage duration through the stages before cryopreservation on cell recovery, viability, aggregation of cells.Methods: Total of 30 CB samples were casual collected from Tehran hospitals and remittances to cord blood bank. Total cells and viability were calculated and aggregation was evaluated. Each sample divided to 4 sample and stored at 4oC, 12oC, 22oC, and 37oC for different periods of time after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Total cells and viability were calculated and aggregation was evaluated. Subsequently, these results were evaluated with ANOVA methods.Results: At the beginning of the experiment, the total number of cells was 5-10 million/ml. All the specimens were investigated after 24 hours. At 4oc a decrease in the number of viability cells was observed that was statistically significant with a p<0.005. However, the reduction in the number of live cells at 12 degrees Celsius and 24 degrees Celsius was not statistically significant (p>0.005). A significant drop (p<0.005) in the number of live cells was observed at 37oc.Conclusion: This study shows that the vulnerability level of cells outside the body from cord blood collection till separation and freezing is directly correlated with Storage time and temperature, which is statistically significant with a p<0.005. Nevertheless, changing temperature and Storage time did not affect aggregation of cells. These findings suggest that the optimum temperature for storing cord blood is 12-22oc degrees Celsius for up to 48 hour.

Pollen Storage could facilitate the date palm hand pollination through saving time and space. The main concern is maintaining pollen viability, which is greatly cultivar dependent and is influenced by Storage condition. In this study, to address this issue, the effects of cultivar, Storage temperature, and time on pollen germination were investigated. A factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using four cultivars ‘Kazeroon (7013) ’, ‘Lar (7035) ’, ‘Darab (7016) ’ and ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021) ’, four Storage temperatures (RT (20 ± 5), 4, -20 and -80°C) and six Storage periods (60, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 375 days). Anova of data showed significant effects of variety, Storage temperature, Storage time and their interactions on pollen germination. The pollen germination rate increased with decreasing temperature. When pollens were stored for up to 150 days, the germination rates of all varieties initially increased then decreased. Overall, the optimum temperature for preserving pollen grains of tested cultivars is -80oC and the highest pollen grain longevity is related to ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021) ’ after one year.